wide mid：wide midfielder边前卫（攻守兼备）
trequartista：攻击型前腰（9号半）
target man：高塔
poacher：机会主义者
keeper：守门员
insideforward：内切边锋
fullback：边后卫（标准后卫线平行站位的边后卫）
defender：后卫
def winger：defensive winger（边锋）
def midfielder：defensive midfielder（防守型中场）
def forward：defensive forward（防守型前锋）
d l playmaker：deep lying playmaker（拖后组织型后腰）
d l forward：deep lying forward（组织型前锋）
com forward：complete forward（全能前锋）
central mid：central midfielder（中前卫）
b winning mid：ball winning midfielder（抢截型中场）
b to b mid：box to box midfielder（覆盖两侧禁区的中场）
adv playmaker：advanced playmaker（突前组织）
mizuno无回旋系列足球鞋好！
这系列鞋短传非常稳定，发力很实，有时不停球一脚传球，即使吃球部位偏了，出球的方向也没受太大影响。接一些难度球或断对方直塞半高球时，有时即使是勉强够到球，但鞋头的摩擦条也发挥了作用，***把球卸在你控制范围内。之前因为看到前掌钉太长，担心影响长传，后来发现多虑了，只要吃球部位准确，球的高度和准确度都可以让你满意。
分类: 体育/运动 >> 足球
问题描述:
我们要写一篇有关足球的英语作文,我急需足球的比赛规则的英文说法,希望各位智者,可以给予解答,本人非常感谢了!~
解析:
Football is the name given to a number of different, but related, team sports. The most popular of these worldwide (and by far the most popular sport worldwide) is association football, which can be abbreviated ***. The English language word football is also ***lied to rugby football (rugby union and rugby league), North American football (American and Canadian), Australian rules football, and Gaelic football.
Some of the many different codes of football.While it is widely believed that the word football originated in reference to the action of a foot kicking a ball, there is a rival explanation, which has it that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot.[1] These games were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports often played by aristocrats. While there is no conclusive evidence for this explanation, the word football has always implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has been ***lied to games which h***e specifically outlawed kicking the ball. (See football (word) for more details.)
All football games involve scoring with a spherical or prolate spheroid ball (itself called a football), by moving the ball into, onto, or over a goal area or line defended by the opposing team. Many of the modern games h***e their origins in England, but many peoples around the world h***e played games which involved kicking and/or carrying a ball since ancient times.
The object of all football games is to advance the ball by kicking, running with, or passing and catching, either to the opponent's end of the field where points or goals can be scored by, depending on the game, putting the ball across the goal line beeen posts and under a cros *** ar, putting the ball beeen upright posts (and possibly over a cros *** ar), or advancing the ball across the opponent's goal line while maintaining possession of the ball.
In all football games, the winning team is the one that has the most points or goals when a specified length of time has elapsed.
History
For the history of only Association Football, see History of football (***)
Throughout the history of mankind the urge to kick at stones and other such objects is thought to h***e led to many early activities involving kicking and/or running with a ball. Football-like games predate recorded history in all parts of the world, and thus the earliest forms of football are not known.
Ancient games
Documented evidence of what is possibly the oldest anized activity resembling football can be found in a Chinese military manual written during the Han Dynasty in about 2nd century BC.
It describes a practice known as cuju (Traditional Chinese: 蹴鞠; Simplified Chinese: 蹴踘; Pinyin: cù jū) which involved kicking a leather ball through a hole in a piece of silk cloth strung beeen o 30 foot poles. Another Asian ball-kicking game, which may h***e been influenced by cuju, is kemari. This is known to h***e been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several individuals stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game survived through many years but ***ears to h***e died out sometime before the mid 19th century. In 1903 in a bid to restore ancient traditions the game was revived and it can now be seen played for the benefit of tourists at a number of festivals.
Mesoamerican ballgames played with rubber balls are also well-documented as existing since before this time, and are thought to h***e resembled football in their earlier versions; but since later versions h***e more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football.
The Greeks and Romans are known to h***e played many ball games some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman writer Cicero describes the case of a man who was killed whilst h***ing a sh***e when a ball was kicked into a barbers shop. The Roman game of Harpastum is believed to h***e been adapted from a team game known as "επισκυρο?" (episkyros) or pheninda that is mentioned by Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388-311BC) and later referred to by Clement of Alexandria. The game ***ears to h***e vaguely resembled rugby.
There are a number of less well-documented references to prehistoric, ancient or traditional ball games, played by indigenous peoples all around the world. For example, William StracHey of the Jamestown settlement is the first to record a game played by the Native Americans called Pahsaheman, in 1610. In Victoria, Australia, Indigenous Australians played a game called Marn Grook. An 1878 book by Robert Brough-***yth, The Aborigines of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as saying, in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it." It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the development of Australian rules football (see below). In northern Canada and/or Alaska, the Inuit (Eskimos) played a game on ice called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with o teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal.
These games and others may well go far back into antiquity and h***e influenced football over the centuries. However, the route towards the development of modern football games ***ears to lie in Western Europe and particularly England.
The game of football is any of several similar team sports, of similar origins which involve advancing a ball into a goal area in an attempt to score. Many of these involve kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal, though not all codes of football using kicking as a primary means of advancing the ball or scoring. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "***". Unqualified, the word football ***lies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word ***ears, including American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby union and other related games. These variations are known as "codes".
制作一张足球俱乐部海报英语作文
Hey. Everybody is good, the school basketball club opened, welcome friends to join thebasketball. Our training time is three week three pm, location is the school gymnasium.?
We h***e the most professional *** and a very good training plan and training conditions. There are many ***all partners, come on.
作文翻译：
嘿。大家都很好，学校足球俱乐部开张了，欢迎朋友们加入足球队。我们的训练时间是三周三下午三点，地点是学校体育馆。我们有最专业的教练，很好的训练***和训练条件。有很多小伙伴，来吧。
又到了大学生美式足球赛季，每周六追看Auburn大学橄榄球赛又成了生活中一大乐趣（年年如此）。
今年Auburn 队重新站立起来很让人振奋，特别喜欢Auburn人永不放弃的精神，这也是我喜欢Auburn的原因之一。另外原因是，我们一家子除我之外都是Auburn人。我先生曾讲给我他们家一有趣故事，当年先生和先生的弟弟妹妹都还是孩子时，Auburn大学毕业的先生父亲就很认真告诫他们：“将来你们都不可以去Alabama大学读书，如果谁去Alabama大学读书，我将不会提供学费，也不可以在家和我同桌就餐”（嘿嘿，因为Alabama大学是Auburn大学球场上的“宿敌”）。于是乎，先生的全家都成了Auburn人，包括先生的弟弟弟妹、妹妹妹夫以及先生弟弟的儿子儿媳女儿女婿们，而我女儿是从我先生父辈开始家里的第14位Auburn人，今年刚毕业。
曾经很多朋友问我如何看懂美式足球（橄榄球），我曾特意撰文发在论坛里。今天，突发奇想，干脆将此文转发到我的博客里，让更多感兴趣之人读读，应该很有帮助，不是吗？
如何看懂美式足球
美式足球的球场长度100 Yard，双方各守一个球门（在各自的后方G线内）。
比赛时长：
一场标准的比赛分为四节，每节15分钟。第二、三节之间有个中场休息。
两队各有11人上场，一方为进攻方（Offence），另一方为防守方（Defense），Offence的进攻以持球跑和抛球传递的方式将球送到对方的End Zone（Offence队员带球攻入对方G线）来Touch Down赢分。
得分方式：
1、 Touch Down ： Offence（进攻组）球员成功带球通过G线，得分6分；
2、 Extra Point ： Offence Touch Down后，还有一次射门机会，球被踢入Defense（防守组）球门后再得1分；
3、 Two Point Conversion ： Touch Down后，Offence不踢这个Extra Point，而是在离G线2 Yards的地方再次带球进攻Defense G线并成功，得2分（而不是Extra Point的1分）。
4、 Field Goal ： Offence进攻三次都没能带球冲入防守方G线，此时如离Defense（防守组）大门不太远的话，Offence的第四次进攻就摆阵抬脚射球，球被踢进Defense球门，得分3分。
5、 Safety ： Offence在自己的G线位置开始进攻时，Defense将Offence带球队员扳倒在Offence自己的G线内、或Offence队员在自己的G线内被判犯规，这两种情况的任一种情况发生都可使Defense获2分，Defense并立即成为Offence（争得进攻权）。
决定哪个队是进攻方：
通过裁判抓阄产生进攻方和防守方，如下图：
进攻：
进攻方必须在四次的进攻内前进10 Yard 以上，达不到10 Yard，就失去进攻机会（进攻方就会失去进攻机会而成为防守方）。这四次进攻分别称为：1st down, 2nd Down, 3rd Down和4th Down。如果播报员说3rd down and six，意思是说：这是第三次进攻，离应达到的10 Yarn的地方还有6 Yard的距离。
通常情况下，如果3rd down扔不能前进10 Yard的话，就把球踢给对方（除非冒险做第四次进攻、或远射Field Goal），否则如果第四次进攻还没能达到10 Yard、将球交给对方时，此时如果离自家的G线不太远的话，对方就很容易攻进自家的G线。
所以， 在4th down 将球踢向对方时，尽量踢球到对方G线外最靠近G线的地方，以造成对方进攻的路线长、难度相对大。但，如果踢给对方的球进入了对方的G线，对方进攻时的开始就是靠对方G线25 Yard 的地方；如果将球踢出了边线，对方进攻的开始就从靠对方G线40 Yard 的地方。
如何开始进攻
每一个 down （进攻）的开始时，Offence的Front Line队员先将球扔给后面的Quarterback， Quarterback 然后依战术选择进攻的方式，如下图：
每次进攻前的准备时间只有40秒，如果40秒内没有发起进攻（Front Line队员没有将球扔出去给Quarterback），属于犯规，处罚为后退5 Yard（也就是说又增加了5 Yard的距离，即如果原来是10 Yard的距离，现在变成15 Yard的距离）。
进攻的方式：
主要有两种：running 和passing（传球）。如***用running战术，一般情况下Quarterback就将球交给Running Back (Running Back通常是站在Quarterback旁边)，在Front Line队友的掩护及开道帮助下，Running Back带着球极力向前冲；如***用Passing战术，Quarterback就会设法将球扔抛给已经冲在前方的队友（这个队友称为Receiver），Receiver接到球就试图向防守方的G线冲去（以便赢分）。
Offence第一线队员（Front line）主要任务是奋力遮挡防守方球员，设法形成一保护圈（称为Pocket），让Quarterback有足够时间查找前方receiver，以便传球给receiver，接到球的receiver则设法摆脱防守方球员拦截，奋力冲向防守方G线。
防守方队员的战术：
防守方（Defense）队员一个非常重要的任务就是开场时设法立即冲向进攻方的Quarterback，打乱Quarterback的战术阵脚。如能将握球的Quarterback扳倒在地，进攻方不仅失去了Yard（进攻位置倒退），进攻方士气也会倍受打击（Quarterback是进攻方的顶梁柱）。
另外，防守方队员在阻挡进攻方时如能迫使进攻方丢球（膝盖和胳膊肘着地前球脱落），并设法抢过球来，场面立即完全改变：防守方立即成为进攻方，并就地（从得到球的地方）开始进攻，此刻的进攻非常有利，进攻路途短，很容易赢球得分。
很多人问过我，为什么橄榄球比赛时大家都往一堆挤并都滚在地上？ 回答很简单，握球进攻的队员只要膝盖、胳膊肘不着地，就可以继续往前跑。所以，防守队必须将握球之人按倒在地（使握球人或膝盖或胳膊肘着地），否则，无法阻止人家继续进攻前行。
比赛开始——开球：
由防守方踢球手大脚踢球，将球踢向进攻方（球被踢到的最理想位置是靠近进攻方G线外10 Yard以内的地方，越靠近G线越好）。进攻方队员如接到球就奋力跑向防守方方向，防守方队员则设法拦截阻止进攻方的前进。
下方照片里左侧队为Defense的特别组，开球给右侧队（Offense的特别组）。接球后，右边队员的Offense 就开始组织进攻。
美式足球术语中英文对照：
（网上查来并整理）
Touch down?--- 带球跑进对方G线内
Field goal---- 球手踢球进对方大门
Extra point （Touch Down后的加分踢球）
Two point conversion ----- （Touch Down后的两分球）
Safety 安全得分
Split T-formation ---- 列T字阵地 （用于踢Extra Point 或 Field Goal）
Free kick
Kick off ----- 开球
Punt ------ 弃权踢
Knee ------ 单膝跪地
Scrimmage line ------ 攻防线
Neutral zone -------- 中立区
Line up ------------ 列队
Tackle ----------- 擒抱
Block ---------- 阻挡
Play ---------- 交锋
Forward pass -------- 抛传
Fair catch -------- 巧接
Lateral ---------- 侧后传
Offense ---- 进攻组
Quarterback, QB -------- 四分卫
Running back, RB -------- 跑卫
Center, C ------ 中锋
Guard, G ------- 哨锋
Tackle, T) ------ 拌锋
Interior offensive line ------内攻击线锋
Receivers --------- 接球员
Wide receiver, WR ------- 外接员
Tight end, TE --------- 边锋
Audible -------- 喊暗号
Tailback, TB ------- 殿卫
Defense ------- 防守组
Defensive tackle, DT -------- 防守拌锋
Defensive end, DE -------- 防守边锋
Sack -------- 擒杀
Linebacker, LB -------- 线卫
Cornerback, CB ------- 角卫
Strong safety, SS ------- ***
Free safety, FS ------ 游卫
Special team ------- 特别组
裁判：
Referee ---- 主裁判
Umpire ----- 副裁判
Head line***an ---- 主线裁判
Line judge ----- 副线裁判
Back judge ---- 助裁判
Side judge --- 边裁判
Field judge ---- 场裁判
犯规：
offside ---- 越位
False start ----- 非法发球
Face Mask --- 拉对方球员头盔的面罩
Holding ---- 非法阻挡（比如：用手拉住对方球员，除非球在这个球员手里，否则不可以用手拉住对方）
Personal foul ---- 撞人犯规、***犯规、挑衅对方球员等
Pass interference ---- 妨碍接球 （你在对方接球手没接到球前就推拉此人来妨碍此人接球，属犯规）
Illegal forward pass ---- 非法抛传
正式开始比赛前，主场大学通常有乐队、Cheerleader列队表演，如同大型演出，很是壮观。
Auburn大学乐队队列表演，组成AU（Auburn University简称）字样：
Auburn大学乐队队列表演组成 TIGER （老虎）字样：
这是列队拉起巨幅美国国旗，全场起立、高唱GOD BLESS AMERICA和美国国歌
（我就是从这里开始喜欢美国国歌的）：
列队表演后，Auburn大学特有赛前仪式，放飞Eagle（老鹰）：
Eagle 绕场飞行后落入场地正中央：
职业球赛中常见的基本进攻阵式，可如［图四］所示。每个球员的位置、角色与任务分别如下：
〈开球、阻挡与开路的〉
1.中锋 (center, C)––
列队于攻击线的中间，负责发球的球员叫「中锋」。「发球」(snap)是指球于瞬间离开地面，而由中锋的两腿间往后急传的动作。因此，发球是每一回攻守交锋的开始。除了要发球的中锋以外，其它攻守双方的任何球员在列队时，皆不可以进入中立区。一般要求中锋必须有极壮硕的体型，但是也要能在发球后敏捷地阻挡防守的球员，保护持球员不会被擒抱住。
2.哨锋 (guard, G) ––
列队于中锋的两侧，共有 2员。「哨锋」要有适当强壮的体型，但是也必须具有灵活的移位能力。在许多情形下，哨锋要迅速地往外侧移动 (「放哨」出去，这也就是笔者为什么要这样来翻译命名。) 来开路与阻挡，替持球员创造冲锋进攻的空间。
3.绊锋 (tackle, T)––
列队于哨锋的外侧，左右各 1员。「绊锋」大多属于「大块头」型的重量级球员，有的体重甚至高达 300磅 (136 公斤) 之多，主要是在其所处位置附近做「阻挡」的工作。
1.四分卫 (quarterback, QB)––
一般情况下，「四分卫」是列队于中锋的后方，距离攻击线 1码半左右的位置。通常四分卫将双手张开放在中锋靠近臀部的两腿之间，待接到了发球以后便迅速倒退，然后由他来主导进攻。因此他是攻方的灵魂人物，必须要非常地精明。他要能精准地将球抛传给「接球员」(receivers) ；要能迅速地移位以闪避防守球员的擒抱；要能看出攻守阵式优势的消长，而在发球前透过「喊暗号」(audible) 的方式来改变进攻的策略；要能稳当地将球递给将要持球冲锋的球员 (一般是将球放在跑者的腹部位置并迅速地让开) ；必要时甚至还得替队友做「阻挡」。所以四分卫是进攻组中，最难担任的一个职务。
有时四分卫自己也会持球冲锋，不过出现的情况不多，通常是为了要将球往前推进 1码左右的短距离，这叫做「四分卫袭进」(quarterback sneak) 。
在某些情况下，四分卫会列队在中锋后 7码处「殿卫」(tailback, TB) 的位置，而形成了所谓的「散弹枪阵式」(shotgun formation)，多半这是将要***取抛传的进攻方式。
2.跑卫 (running back, RB) ––
是由「中卫」(halfback, HB)及「全卫」(fullback, FB)所组成的，一般列队在攻击线后 4码外，有时还加上一名「殿卫」。在早期的比赛中，中卫是列队在四分卫正后方 ***的地方；全卫则又列队在中卫后 ***外，三人形成一直线而构成了「 I字阵式」。这也就是「跑卫」各个名称的由来。从名称的英文含义即可看出：「『中』卫」表示「退『一半』」；「『全』卫」则是「退『全部』」；而「『四分』卫」当然就是指「退『四分之一』」了。
3.外接员 (wide receiver, WR)––
列队在攻击在线两端最外侧、或N是在「内攻击线锋」旁而距离攻击线后 1码以外的球员，叫做「外接员」。他们是四分卫在「抛传进攻」时的主要接球员。他们的体型多半较高瘦，但是由于有时也一样得替队友做「阻挡」，所以还是不能太过「单薄」。
4.边锋 (tight end, TE)––
列队于左或右绊锋之外侧 1员，叫做「边锋」，其角色较为多样。边锋时而协助内攻击线锋做「阻挡」，时而担任接球员。需要特别说明的是，进攻的一方只有列队在攻击在线最靠外侧的两端各 1员，以及线后 1码以外的任何「卫」员，才是「合法的接球员」(eligible receiver) ，其它任何进攻的球员在球被四分卫抛传出手前，是不可以「前冲」的，否则便成为「非法接球员前冲」(ineligible receiver downfield) ，是犯规的一种。
